Chapter 5 Integumentary System
Objectives:
·
Describe the layers of
skin
·
Know the various determinants
for skin color
·
Know the structures associated
with the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and nails an their function
·
List the functions of the
skin
·
Understand some of the disorders
of the integumentary system
·
Discuss
burns
· Discuss the developmental aspects of skin
I. Skin consists of major regions pg
152
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis (Not really a layer of skin)
II.
Epidermis pg 152
A. Composed of-
B. Cells types-
C. Outer portion of the skin is exposed to-
III. Cells of the Epidermis pg 152
A. Keratinocytes-
B. Melanocytes-
C. Merkel Cells-
D. Langerhan’s Cells-
IV.
Layers of the Epidermis
pg 153-155
A. Stratum basale
·
·
·
B. Stratum spinosum
·
·
C. Stratum granulosum
·
·
D. Stratum lucidum
·
·
·
E. Stratum corneum
·
·
· Functions include:
V. Dermis pg
155
A. Second major skin region contains-
B. Cell types-
C. Composed of Two Layers-
VI.
Layers of the Dermis pg 155-
156
A. Papillary Layer
·
·
·
·
B. Reticular Layer
·
·
·
·
VII. Hypodermis
·
·
VIII. Skin color- three pigments contribute to skin color pg 156-157
A. Melanin
Freckles and pigmented moles-
B. Carotene
C. Hemoglobin
VIII. Sweat
(sudoriferous) glands
pg 157- 158
A. Eccrine-
B. Apocrine
C. Ceruminous glands
IX.
Sebaceous glands
pg 158
A. Simple alveolar glands-
B. Soften skin when-
C. Secrete oily secretion called-
D. Acne-
E. Seborrhea
X. Nails
pg 158
A. Made of-
B. Nail matrix-
XI.
Hair pg 159
A. Filamentous strands made of dead keratinized cells produced by
B. Contains hard keratin
C. Made up of the shaft projecting-
And the root embedded-
D. Consists of a core-
E. Pigmented by melanocytes
XII.
Hair Follicle pg 160
A. Root sheath
B. Deep end is expanded and forms a
C. A knot of sensory nerve endings-
D. Bending the hair
XIII.
Types of Hair – pg
160
A. Vellus
B. Terminal
C. Shape of hair shaft
· Kinky hair
· Wavy hair
· Straight hair
XIV. Functions of the Skin pg 160-166
A. Protection-
Chemical
Physical
Biological
B. Body Temperature Regulation
C. Cutaneous sensation
D. Metabolic Functions
E. Blood Reservoir
F. Excretion
XV. Skin Cancer pg 166
A. Most skin tumors are-
B. A crucial risk factor for non-melanoma cancer is
C. Newly developed skin lotions-
XVI.
Skin Cancer- 3 major types pg
166-167
A. Basal cell carcinoma
·
·
·
·
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
·
·
·
·
C. Melanoma- Cancer of the melanocytes are the most dangerous type because;
·
·
ABCD rule of Melanoma
A- Asymmetry
B- Border irregularity
C.- Color
D. Diameter
(E.) Elevation
Treatment of Melanoma-
Survival Rate of Melanoma-
XVII.
Burns pg
167-169
A. 1st degree burns
B. 2nd degree burns
C. 3rd degree burns
XVIII. Dangers of Burns pg 167-169
A. Immediate threat-
B. Need 1000s of extra calories-
C. Infections-
D. Scarring
XIX. Rule of Nines pg 169
A. Estimates the severity of burns
B. Burns considered critical if:
Over 25% of the body has-
Over 10% of the body has-
There are third degree burns on-
Practice: If right arm (both anterior and posterior), anterior trunk and right leg ( anterior only) have 2nd degree burns, what percentage of the body is burned?
Is this considered critical?
XX.
Dangers of Tatoos pg
163
A. Even if a sterile needle is used-
B. Hepatitic C-
XXI.
Developmental Aspects of Skin- Fetus pg 169
A. Epidermis develops from-
B. Dermis and hypodermis develop from-
C. Lanugo-
D. Vernis caseosa-
XXII. Developmental Aspects of
Adolescent to Adults- pg
169
A. Skin and hair become
B Skin shows the cumulative environmental effects around the age of-
C. Scaling and dermatitis become-
XXIII. Developmental Aspects of Old Age-
A. Epidermal replacement of cells-
Skin becomes-
B. Skin becomes-
C. Subcutaneous fat diminishes-
D. Decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue leads to -
E. Decreased #s of melanocytes and Langerhan’ cells increase the risk of-