Chapter 10  the Muscular System

 

Objectives:

 

• Describe the interactions of skeletal muscles
• Describe the function of prime movers, antagonists, synergists, and fixators
• Identify the criteria used to name the skeletal muscles
• Indicate the most common patterns of fascicle arrangement found in skeletal muscles
• Identify the major skeletal muscles of the body including action, origin and insertion

 

I.  Interactions of Skeletal Muscles in the body (pg 325)

 

            A.  Muscles only pull, they never push

 

            B.  Whatever one muscle or group of muscles do, there is another that undoes it.

 

             B.  Define:  Insertion - point of attachment to the bone that does move

                                

         Origin- point of attachment to the bone that does not move

 

 

            C.  Label using the words: insertion, origin, tendon, resting muscle, contracting

                              muscle

 

         

 

 

D.  Four functional muscle groups

 

Prime mover - muscle that provides that major force for a specific movement  eg- biceps brachii

 

 

Antagonists- muscle that opposes a particular movement  eg- triceps brachii

 

                        Synergist- assists prime mover; reduces unnecessary movement

 

 

                        Fixator- synergists that immobilizes a bone or muscle's origin

                       

 

 

II.  Naming Skeletal Muscles

 

            1.   Location of the muscle

 

            2.  Shape of the muscle

 

            3.  Relative size of the muscle

 

            4.  Direction of the muscle fibers

 

            5.  Number origins

 

            6.  Location of attachments

 

            7.  Action

 

 

 

 

 

 

III.  Arrangement of Fascicles

 

 

            Circular- fascicles arranged in rings

 

                                                                                                                                

            Convergent- fascicles start from a broad origin and converge to a single tendon

 

            Parallel-fascicles run parallel with the long part of the muscle

 

            Fusiform-spindle-shaped muscles

 

            Pennate- fascicles are short attached to central tendon of muscle (shaped like a

feather)

 

                        Unipennate

 

                        Bipennate

 

                        Multipennate 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Major Muscles of the Head

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muscles of the Trunk

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh and Leg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muscles of the Arm and Forearm