MANOR COLLEGE

Jenkintown, Pennsylvania

 

 

                                                                

 Instructor:  Nancy Ceranic MT(ASCP)H                                                                                 Fall 2007

                                                                                                          

Division Office:  Allied Health, Sciences and Mathematics               Office Phone:  215-885-2360 ext 225

Office Hours: Tues & Thurs from1:00-3:00                                                  E-mail: nceranic@manor.edu

                         and by appointment                                            

                                                                                   

Course Number/Title Credit Hours:  BI201 -- Anatomy & Physiology -- 4 credits

 

Pre-Requisites:  BI101    

 

Course Description:  An introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body.  After a brief examination of cellular and tissue structure, the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems are studied.  Laboratory will include experiments in cell physiology, microscopic review of prepared tissue slides, practical study of human bones, and dissection of rat and sheep organs.  (Three hours lecture / two hours laboratory).

 

Philosophy of the Course:  Anatomy and Physiology introduces the student entering a biological science or health profession to a detailed examination of the structures and functions of the human body.  It is the goal of your professor to provide a sound foundation in understanding both the normal action of the human body, as well as the way in which disorders affect that function.  The course is designed to provide a solid background for advanced study.

 

Course Objectives:  Upon completion of Biology 201, the student will be able to:

 1.        Define and describe the scientific method.

 2.        Describe basic characteristics of life.

 3.        Describe the organization of the human body, including the molecular, cellular, histological and    anatomical levels of organization.

 4.        Describe the dorsal and ventral body cavities and the organs contained therein.

 5.        Know and use relevant terminology pertaining to the human body.

 6.        Explain how the systems interact to maintain homeostasis.

 7.        Describe the structure and function of the integumentary system.

 8.        Define and describe the components of the skeletal system.

 9.        Demonstrate an understanding of how movement is accomplished; describe the anatomy and     physiology of the muscular system.

10.       Identify the structures associated with the central nervous system and explain the functions of each.

11.       Describe the location and function of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, and explain the interaction between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

12.       Describe the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous          system.

 

 

 

 

Student Outcomes:

 

1.         Upon completion of the lecture section of the course, students will have gained a basic understanding of body organization.

            a)         Measure: Students are evaluated by the first exam.

            b)         Standard: 70% of the class will receive a grade of "C" or better in the first exam.

 

 

2.         Upon completion of the laboratory section of the course, students will have gained an understanding       of the anatomy of the skeletal system.

a)         Measure: Students are evaluated by a major bone practical in the laboratory.

            b)         Standard: 70% of the class will receive a grade of "C" or better in the laboratory                                                bone practical.

 

 

3.         Upon completion of the course, students will be prepared to correlate lecture and laboratory topics,       and to understand the functional relationships among the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and

            nervous systems.

            a)         Measure: Students are evaluated by means of a comprehensive essay on the final

                        examination.

            b)         Standard: 70% of students in the class will receive a grade of "C" or better in the

                        comprehensive essay.

 

 

Outline of Course Content:  Lecture material will be compiled from several anatomy and physiology textbooks.  The chapter and page references listed here are taken from the required text, Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, Seventh Edition.  Approximate times are listed according to “class hours” below:

 

UNIT ONE:     ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

Class Hours  1-3

Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

 1.        Define "anatomy" and "physiology" (2-3)

 2.        Discuss organizational levels:  cells, tissues, organs, systems (3-4)

 3.        Discuss life requirements (4-8)

 4.        Define homeostasis and discuss significance (8-12)

5.                Use proper anatomical terminology (12-14)

6.                Describe the body, cavities and abdominal regions and the organs contained therein (15-19; 6-7)

7.                Discuss medical imaging (20-21)

           

 

Class Hour 4-5

Chapter 3:  Cells: The Living Units*

 1.        Describe the molecular organization of the plasma membrane (65-84)

 2.        Describe the major functions of the plasma membrane and types of transport (70-84)

 

*  Chapters 2  will not be covered and Chapter 3 will only be briefly covered because all topics were covered in BI 101

 

Test 1 (Organization of the Body, Cells)

 

Class Hours 6-9

Chapter 4:  Tissue: The Living Fabric

 1.        List the major types of tissues

 2.        Describe, give the function and location, and to be able to recognize the microscopic preparations of each of the following tissues:

            a.         Epithelial tissue (118-126)

                        (1)        Simple squamous                      (5)        Stratified squamous

                        (2)        Simple cuboidal                        (6)        Transitional

                        (3)        Simple columnar                       (7)        Glandular

(4)               Pseudostratified

b.         Connective tissue (126-139)

                        (1)        Mesenchyme                            (7)        Cartilage

                        (2)        Areolar                                     (a)  Hyaline

                        (3)        Adipose                                               (b)  Elastic

                        (4)        Reticular                                               (c)  Fibrous

                        (5)        Dense regular                           (8)        Bone

                        (6)        Dense irregular             (9)        Blood

c.                   Membranes – cutaneous, mucous, serous (141-143)

d.                  Nervous tissue (139, see also Chapter 11)

e.                   Muscle tissue (139-141)

 .3.       Discuss tissue repair (143-145)

  4.       Review tissue development (145)

5.              Discuss cancer (146-147)

 

UNIT TWO:  COVERING, SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT OF THE BODY

Class Hours 10-13

Chapter 5:  The Integumentary System

1.         Describe the layers of the skin:

a.         Epidermis (152-155)

b.         Dermis (155-157)                   

2.         Know the various determinants for skin color (157-158)

3.         Know the structures (skin appendages) associated with the skin (158-163)                                                        a.             Sweat and ceruminous glands                c.         Hair

            b.         Sebaceous glands                                 d.         Nails

4.         List the functions of the skin (163-165)

5.         Know the disorders of the integumentary system (165-166)

6.         Discuss burns (166-170)

7.         Discuss developmental aspects of skin (170-171)

 

Test 2  (Tissues; Integument)

 

Class Hours 15-18

Chapter 6:  Bones and Skeletal Tissues

1.         Discuss skeletal cartilage  (176-177)    

2.         Classify bone, based on tissue type and shape (176-178)

3.         List the major functions of the skeletal system (178-179)

4.         Know the gross anatomy of bone (179-181)    

5.         Know the microscopic anatomy of bone (181-182)

6.         Describe the inorganic and organic components of bone (182-184)                  

7.         Discuss formation and growth of bone (184-187)

8.         Discuss remodeling of bone (187-190)

9.         List the types of fractures and explain repair of fractures (190-193)

10.       Discuss bone disorders (193-198)

11.       Discuss developmental aspects and aging of bone (198)

 

Class Hours 19-21

Chapter 8:  Joints

 1.        Classify joints according to the degree of movement (253)

 2.        Classify joints according to structural features:

a.         Fibrous joints (253-254)

            b.         Cartilaginous joints (255)

            c.         Synovial joints (255-256)

 3.        Discuss movements of synovial joints (257-263)

 4.        Discuss types of synovial joints (263-265)

 5.        Discuss selected synovial joints (265-273)       

 6.        Discuss joint abnormalities and joint replacement (273-274)

 

Test 3 (Bones; Joints)

 

Laboratory   NOTE: Examination of the skeleton itself will utilize six hours of laboratory time (Chapter 7), concurrent with the class discussion of Chapters 6 and 8

 

Class Hours 23-27

Chapter 9:  Muscles and Muscle Tissue

 1.        List and describe types of muscle tissue (280)

 2.        Discuss the functions of muscle tissue (280-281)

 3.        Describe the macroscopic and microscopic structure of skeletal muscle tissue (281-288)

 4.        Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction (287-295)

 5.        Discuss types of contraction (295-300)

 6.        Discuss energy sources and requirements for muscle tissue (300-303)

 7.        Discuss muscle fatigue and oxygen debt (303-304)

 8.        Describe factors that determine the strength, velocity and duration of contraction (304-307)

 9.        Discuss abnormalities involving skeletal muscle (308, 317)

 10       Discuss the benefits of exercise (307-309)

 11.      Compare cardiac and smooth muscle tissue to skeletal muscle tissue (309-316)

 12.      Describe the developmental aspects of muscle tissue      (316-320)

 

 

Class Hours 28-29

Chapter 10: The Muscular System

1.         Describe how movement is produced by a typical skeletal muscle and muscle group.

            (Use the example of the quadriceps femoris group). (326-330)

 2.        Know how the skeletal muscles are named (325-327)

3.        Know selected muscle origins, insertions and actions (335-383 and simplified handout)

 

*Note- Names of major muscles are learned in the laboratory concurrently.

 

Test 4 (Muscles)

 

UNIT THREE:  REGULATION AND INTEGRATION OF THE BODY

Class Hours 31-33

Chapter 11:  Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

 1.        List and explain the basic functions of the nervous system (388)

 2         Describe the organizational subdivisions of the nervous system (388-389)

 3.        Know the histology of the nervous system:

            a.         Neuroglias (389-391)

            b.         Neurons (391-397)

4.        Discuss the mechanism of the resting potential and action potential and factors that influence the nerve impulse (397-408)

 5.        Discuss synapses and neurotransmitters (408-420)

 6.        Describe and discuss the reflex arc (423; see also p. 521-527)

 7.        Discuss developmental aspects (423-426)

 

Class Hours 34-36

Chapter 12:  The Central Nervous System

 1.        Discuss early development of the brain (431-433)

 2.        List the regions of the brain (433; 453)

 3.        Identify and discuss the structure and function of the following:

            a.         Cerebrum (434-443)                d.         Pons (449-451)

            b.         Diencephalon (443-447).          e.         Medulla oblongata (451)

            c.         Midbrain (448-459)                 f.          Cerebellum (451-454)

 4.        Discuss functional brain systems (454-456)

 5.        Describe higher mental functions (measuring brain waves; consciousness; sleep; memory (456-463)

 6.        Define and describe the meninges (463-465); cerebrospinal fluid (465-467); and the blood-brain barrier (467)

 7.        Discuss brain disorders and abnormalities (467-470)

 8.        Discuss the structure and function of the spinal cord (470-478)

 9.        Discuss spinal cord abnormalities (478-481)

10.       Discuss diagnostic techniques (481)

11.       Discuss developmental aspects of CNS (481-485)

           

(Test 5 Nervous System)

 

Class Hours 38-40

Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

 1.        Recall the divisions of the peripheral nervous system (490)

 2.        Discuss types of sensory receptors (490-497)

 3.        Define a nerve (497-498)

 4.        Discuss regeneration limitations and possibilities (498-499)

 5.        Know the locations and functions of the cranial nerves (499-507)

 6.        Know the locations and functions of the spinal nerves and nerve plexuses (508-516)

 7.        Discuss several types of reflexes (520-526)

 

Chapter 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

 1.        Discuss the role of the autonomic nervous system (532-534)

 2.        Discuss the structure and function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the

            autonomic nervous system (534-546)

 3.        Discuss the control of the autonomic nervous system by the higher centers of the brain

            (546-547)

           

 

Final Exam (Comprehensive)

 

 

Approaches to teaching:

 1.        Lectures, class discussions, interactions and reading assignments will be the main tools to provide

            a learning environment.

 2.        Powerpoint presentations, lecture outlines, handouts and system models will be used to

            supplement lectures.

 3.        Clinical applications and health related topics will be included in order to enhance lecture

            material and provide practical information that will be of value to students in their personal lives

            as well as their professional careers.

 4.        Practice tests will be provided for review purposes in order to prepare students for examinations.

 5.        Written examinations including a comprehensive final will be used as the methods for evaluation.

 

Procedures for Evaluation and Grading

1.         Attendance policy.  The student is expected to attend all lectures. Two class hours may be missed without penalty, whether these are excusable absences (due to illness, for example) or inexcusable. A student who has produced a doctor's excuse for an absence should not assume that he/she is "entitled to" another absence.

                        One percentage point deduction for each hour missed after 2 hours, so:

                                    3 hours missed =  1 percentage point deduction

                                    4 hours missed =  2 percentage points deduction

                                    5 hours missed =  3 percentage points deduction

                                    6 hours missed =  4 percentage points deduction

                                    7 hours missed =  5 percentage points deduction

 

The student will sign an attendance sheet each day of class.  If you do not sign on the roll sheets you are officially absent for that day.

           

If a student has perfect lecture attendance throughout the semester, he/she will receive a two percentage point bonus at the end.

 

2.                  Makeup test policy.  The student should notify the professor if, for valid reason, a test

cannot be taken as scheduled.  Makeup tests will be given solely at the discretion of the professor and only if valid reason has been established. Every effort should be made to take a test as scheduled. It is the student's responsibility to know when a test will be administered.  The first makeup test will be given without penalty.  However, a full letter grade (10 percentage points) will be deducted from subsequent makeup tests.

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.         Evaluation system:

                        Test grades (5) …………………….……………….……...50% of grade

                        Comprehensive Final Examination......................................15% of grade

                        Laboratory grade………………………….……….……....25% of grade

                        Lecture class attendance     ....................................……......10% of grade

5.         Grading system:

                        A         90 - 100

                        B          80 - 89

                        C         70 – 79*

                        D         60 - 69

                        F          Below 60

*Note: A minimum grade of “C” needs to be achieved for the student to move on to a transfer institution. The vast majority of students are able to achieve C or better, but please take advantage of all opportunities offered.

 

Materials Used:

            Required textbook:

                        Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7th edition

                        Elaine N. Marieb

                        Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2004

 

            Required laboratory manual:

                        Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, 7th edition (cat version)

                        Elaine N. Marieb

                        Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2002

 

 

Academic Honesty College Policy:

     Manor College expects that its students will uphold the principles of truth and honesty in the performance of all academic work.  Plagiarism (the unacknowledged use of another person's words or assistance) and academic cheating (falsifying data, submitting without the Instructor's approval work in one course which was done for another, actually doing another student's work and/or the use of any unauthorized aid) are prohibited.

     Digital plagiarism (cutting, pasting and copying sections of an article written by another: downloading papers from a “paper mill” web site and submitting as work written by the student: utilizing any graphics or audio or video clips without permission: and submitting any work with an electronic source without correct citation ) is strictly prohibited and a violation of fair use and intellectual property rights.

     The Academic Dean will be formally notified of any violation of the policy. The penalty for the first violation will be a grade of “F” for that assignment. Any subsequent violation will result in a grade of “F” for the course and possible dismissal from the College.